From: "Robert Ashley Ruiz" (cybrarian@cybrary-1999.com)
Date: Sun, 17 May 1998 15:13:05 +0000
Subject: Space1999: Eagle Use

Mike Lynch wrote:

> (Just a thought:  why would the aerodynamics of the Eagle ever fall
> under criticism?  The Eagle was designed primarily for use in low to
> zero atmosphere - where aerodynamics would be of little consequence.
> So it would just seem that criticizing the ship's aerodynamics would
> be... well... pointless.)

Except for the fact that it looks so smashing I could criticize the
Eagle on this point.

Remember, in terms of the story the Eagle was originally designed to
transport people from Earth (through an atmosphere) to the moon and
back, unless one considers that perhaps the more common means of
transport was to take a shuttle to an orbiting space station and from
there take an Eagle on to the moon. I don't think this was ever
mentioned directly, but I always assumed the Eagle was coming from
Earth directly to Alpha.  Remember, Simmonds arrived in a VIP Eagle
with a red passenger module, and if you look at the space station it
had a single docking pad but not really any hangar space (so, no
place to store different modules).

Incidentally, the next time you're watching Breakaway look at where
the spacesuit back- and chestpacks are stored in Koenig's Eagle.
They're on both sides in the space that would later be occupied by
weapons racks and container storage under the view screens as one is
facing forward.  This would be the default storage space
pre-Breakaway.


From: Mark Meskin (plastic.gravity@new31rock.com) Subject: Re: Space1999: Evolution and Arkadia Date: Sun, 17 May 1998 15:00:30 -0500 > (Just a thought: why would the aerodynamics of the Eagle ever fall under > criticism? The Eagle was designed primarily for use in low to zero atmosphere > - where aerodynamics would be of little consequence. So it would just seem > that criticizing the ship's aerodynamics would be... well... pointless.) Now you've opened a can of worms. Yes, the Eagle was designed for *mostly* vacuum operation. And when in a vacuum no one has a problem, it when its in an atmosphere that its shape becomes problematic. And in nearly every episode the Eagle has to do just that. The ship is SO unaerodynamic, that its like trying to make a brick fly. Well, you say, thats no problem, the eagle has big rockets to overcome the drag! That's true, but using the eagles nuclear motors in the atmosphere would likely cause the ship to melt from friction or break apart from the turbulence, if it didn'f fly outta control first. To leave the surface of a planet requires a lot of speed, and the Eagle could NOT reach escape velocity *in the atmosphere* in its current configuration. The eagles sharp contours and blunt surfaces would make it behave violently at moderate to high speeds in the atmosphere. At low speeds the aerodynamics aren't a problem, and the eagle would fly just fine, until we started talking about fuel. With no wings to provide lift in the atmosphere the eagle must rely entirely on its VTOL thrusters on the underside of the craft. Supposedly, these motors are not nuclear, but conventional liquid chemical rockets. This would require lots of fuel, which the eagle doesn't have room for. I believe there is a way for the eagle to leave the atmosphere using its current equipment and still not exceed the aerodynamic and fuel limitations. It would take off and climb as it does now, using the vtol system to provide lift and the main motors(on very low power) to move it foward. A highly computerized FCS similar to that which controls the stealth fighter(which is also inherently unstable, and could not be flown by the pilot alone)would constantly adjust pitch, yaw, and roll using the attitude rockets on the eagle, thus allowing it to fly smoothly up to say 250mph and 50,000 feet. At this point the craft would veer sharply nose up, the VTOL would cut out, and the nuclear motors would kick in to boost it out of the now rapidly thinning atmosphere. At a point above 100,000 feet they could safely go to full power to either reach orbit or accelerate to escape velocity. Well, thats my take on it, feel free to pick it apart. Mark
Date: Sun, 17 May 1998 18:33:44 -0500 From: Jim Small (Eagle1@mb-sympatico.ca) Organization: Alpha Spacecraft Maintenance Subject: Re: Space1999: Evolution and Arkadia Hi all! What I'm about to say here is not an arguement made against what Mark said, but just a bit of data that adds to the concept, and actually acknowletges a lot of it. In other words, just my two cents worth! > The eagles sharp contours > and blunt surfaces would make it behave violently at moderate to high > speeds in the atmosphere. Y'know what though? (something to think about) Estes made a model rocket of the Eagle that actually "flew"! (I'd like to find one actually!) It worked the exact same as all other model rockets. True, the model had a long tube stuck up it's rear and fins on the back for guidance (if I remember right), but it helps prove that with enough POWER, anything can be made to fly, despite aerodynamics! Also, anyone that has seen model rockets fly has seen how bloody fast they go! WHOOOSH!!! Now I know this doesn't mean anything really, but the principle is sound. The reason that you had to have the long tube with fins on the back of the model is because of the simplicity of the thing. It's just a way to provide directional control in atmospheric flight. Now I hear you saying, "See? You've got to change the design to make it work!" Well, yes, because with the tiny model we don't have any other kind of control. Also, because it moves so fast for it's size, we'd need control systems that could react faster than our human impulses could (like a radio controlled airplane for example. I know that with my experience, the faster and smaller the model, the more "squirrelly" it is, and conversely, the larger and slower the model is, the easier it is to control) Anyone else on this list flown model planes? I saw a guy who built a model lawnmower and make it fly R/C!! I am assuming that the engineers who (would have) designed the Eagle would have developed computer systems, not unlike those in modern fighter jets, that would be able to react fast enough to stabilize any unwanted directional varyations by quick firing of the attitudinal thrusters to compensate for any variable buffeting of the atmosphere against the uneven hull. Also, anything at all that moves through the atmosphere can be angled in such a way as to provide some lift, provided it's moving fast enough and it's attitude can be controlled. You could literally make a brick have enough lift if it had the right amount of nose-up attitude and enough power to provide enough speed to overcome drag. That's actually true! ANY SHAPE can provede lift for itself in the atmosphere if these conditions are met. No joke. Even a baseball can be influenced in its direction through the air when a spin (control) and lots of power is produced! (ye olde curve ball!) > At low speeds the aerodynamics aren't a problem, > and the eagle would fly just fine, until we started talking about fuel. > With no wings to provide lift in the atmosphere the eagle must rely > entirely on its VTOL thrusters on the underside of the craft. Supposedly, > these motors are not nuclear, but conventional liquid chemical rockets. > This would require lots of fuel, which the eagle doesn't have room for. Unless they discovered a type of chemical fuel that doesn't take up much room! (There's that ol' suspension of disbelief again!) :):):) By the way, consider the real Eagle lunar module. It doesn't look like it has much room for fuel either, but it had enough to decelerate, land, and take off again and acheive escape velocity from the moon! Yes, I know, no atmospheric drag and lower gravity, but still! The engines in a 1960's design would most likely be a lot less efficient than our fictional Eagle, and then if you consider that they would have developed a fuel that, say, took one tenth the space and provided ten times the power. This could theoretically be possible, maybe, in the alternate timeline that our characters live in... > I believe there is a way for the eagle to leave the atmosphere using its > current equipment and still not exceed the aerodynamic and fuel > limitations. Yup. > It would take off and climb as it does now, using the vtol system to > provide lift and the main motors(on very low power) to move it foward. A > highly computerized FCS similar to that which controls the stealth > fighter(which is also inherently unstable, and could not be flown by the > pilot alone)would constantly adjust pitch, yaw, and roll using the attitude > rockets on the eagle, thus allowing it to fly smoothly up to say 250mph and > 50,000 feet. Uhhh... YEAH! Exactly! I guess I just reitterated what you'd already said there... > At this point the craft would veer sharply nose up, the VTOL > would cut out, and the nuclear motors would kick in to boost it out of the > now rapidly thinning atmosphere. At a point above 100,000 feet they could > safely go to full power to either reach orbit or accelerate to escape > velocity. There ya go. > Well, thats my take on it, feel free to pick it apart. Just did! Thanx for the fun!
From: Robert Ashley Ruiz (cybrarian@at@cybrary1999.com) Date: Sun, 17 May 1998 18:18:17 +0000 Subject: Re: Space1999: Evolution and Arkadia > Estes made a model rocket of the Eagle that actually "flew"! (I'd > like to find one actually!) It I think it was from Centuri, not Estes.
From: vtaltos@earth52link.net Date: Sun, 17 May 1998 22:29:49 -0400 Subject: Re: Space1999: Evolution and Arkadia Ok, I had refrained from throwing my own $.02 change into the works, but, well, the aero- engineer in my blood screamed to be heard. I like the argument about speed and lift and all, and in concept it's correct. Unfortunately, through all the visual and episodic evidence we see, those poor Eagles are downright FRAGILE beasties.. and the stresses on the system to control them as a true atmospheric craft would just tear them apart. The theorizing is all wonderful, yet I've not heard the most obvious solution to the whole works... given in "Breakaway:" Victor makes the comment about gravitational regulators at Nuclear Disposal Area 1, during the investigation of the "mysterious illness." So, based from that one little comment, you have evidence that by 1994, mankind has gained the technology to control gravitational influences. Once you can believe that fact, one can also presume that the equipment can be made sufficiently portable to load onboard an Eagle and give it some control over the gravitational influences it encounters, or at least enough to make the craft atmosphere worthy. That would make the re-entry slow enough to avoid the burn-up of atmosphere drag, it would make the Eagle be able to operate at slow enough speeds where it could stand the stresses of drag, and it could all be done with technology that was available even in 1976. As it is, I have loved the Eagles since I first saw them, and always wanted to see one fly. ...maybe when the government releases that anti-grav unit they use on the test aircraft at Area 51? Ok, now, I'll shaddup and go back to listening from the shadows. Well,
From: "David C. Schweinsberg" (david@tauceti-demon-co.uk) Subject: Space1999: Eagle's escape velocity Date: Mon, 18 May 1998 01:31:10 +0100 Hi All I'm a new subscriber but an old fan - I watched Space:1999 circa 1979 (when I was 8 years old) on Channel 7 in Sydney (though now I live in Buckinghamshire, home of Pinewood studios!) Anyhow... The Eagle wouldn't need to acheve escape velocity if it was continually powered, which always seemed to me to be the case. Escape velocity only needs to be achieved if you're going to cut the engines and go ballistic i.e. massive blast-off and then fall - if you exceed escape velocity, you (as Douglas Adams would have it) fall back towards earth and miss. Well, earth's gravity would slingshot you elsewhere. What always worried me as a child was the fact that I couldn't corelate the interior of an Eagle with the exterior - I had the models, but couldn't see how they would dock with each other - especially if they didn't have any attached passenger module! Still, Space:1999 was the first SF program I saw with an Australian character, and I thought he (Alan) had the coolest job :-) Regards, David Schweinsberg
Date: Mon, 18 May 1998 00:53:11 -0500 From: Jim Small (Eagle1@mb-sympatico.ca) Organization: Alpha Spacecraft Maintenance Subject: Re: Space1999: Eagle aerodynamics and such Mark Meskin wrote: > > long tube stuck up it's rear and fins on the back for guidance (if I > > remember right), but it helps prove that with enough POWER, anything can > > be made to fly, despite aerodynamics! > > THis is true, but it sure isn't controlled flight. Well, yes and no. It's passively controlled. By that I mean that something has been added to the model that controls it's direction through the air. It's not actively controlled, which means that once the thing ignites, you have to rely on the aerodynamics and the knowledge that the fins will assure it's planned trajectory. Also the launch rod keeps it moving straight until it's speed is sufficient enough for the fins to take effect. > Ive seen semi-truck > tractors that can go near 300mph, and outaccellerate a jet. But even the > semi truck must make some concessions to aerodynamics- a large spoiler to > keep the air from getting under the truck and putting it airborne. Exactly! (actually I must confess I've seen this happen to stock cars but not to rigs, but I'll concede to your knowledge!) Even a blocky semi truck has enough lift under certain conditions that given enough speed can almost act as an (extremely crude) "airfoil". If the pressure unmderneath the object, whether it be a truck, car, airplane or a rock you're trying to skip across a pond, is sufficiently greater than on the top, you have the potential for lift. The only reason it doesn't continue to fly is because when the truck (in this case) leaves the pavement, the power is instantly gone and it falls back to earth (the cars i've seen doing this usually start tumbling over on the grond in a flurry of flying parts!) > Also, anyone that has seen model > > rockets fly has seen how bloody fast they go! WHOOOSH!!! > > How fast exactly does a model rocket go? Well, depending on the model, the faster ones accellerate to over a thousand feet in less than three seconds, the bulkier ones go a few hundred feet in that time. This would result in them achieving speeds from 100 to maybe five hundred miles per hour or so. I don't know how fast the Eagle model went but I'll assume it was one of the slower ones. Let's say it went from zero up five hundred feet in three seconds. I don't know how to calculate the acceleration, but an average speed would probably be on the order of 113.6 MPH. If you calculated in the acceleration curve (any math geniuses out there?), it's top speed would be greater. The model was about 1/96th scale (same as the Airfix kit) so the model Eagle rocket would be doing a scale speed of about 10,900 miles per hour... in the atmosphere!!! > I say this because aerodynamics > don't cause problems until the speed rises and then the air which normally > is so easy to move through becomes a force to be reckoned with. The speed > at which the air can cause problems is related to the objects mass and > shape. More massive objects obviously are not as effected by aerodynamics > as less massive objects. And I'd say the Eagle qualifies as massive. I'd say that makes sense! > You > know one thing just occurred to me? The Eagle doesn't behave like a > massive object on screen when it crashes, but thats probably just for sFX. The 1/24th scale 44" model used in the crash scenes weighed around 35 pounds or thereabouts. Of course the model's construction forces us to assume that it doesn't have a scale weight of course, but for fun, if I'm calculating it right (thirty five pounds cubed times 24), that would make the full size 88 foot long Eagle weigh about 514 tons (geez that's heavy!). I think it's safe to say that something that long and weighing that much would probably sustain heavier damage than the models did in our favourite crash scenes! Actually you can't use the models weight to calculate the weight of a "real" one, of course! But how d'you determine the weight of a fictional ship? Guess you've gotta make it up! > > Now I know this doesn't mean anything really, but the principle is > > sound. The reason that you had to have the long tube with fins on the > > back of the model is because of the simplicity of the thing. It's just a > > way to provide directional control in atmospheric flight. > Yes, and the attitude control rockets perform a similar function on the > eagle. Yup. > Now I hear you > > saying, "See? You've got to change the design to make it work!" Well, > Also, because it moves so fast for it's size, > > Yes, but its behaviour is misleading. It is relatively small and moving(to > be fair) relatively slow, and the air does not affect it the same way it > would the real thing. Yeah, true enough, but do we assume that every time we see it cruising through the atmosphere it's going as fast as a jet? Remember the episode "Full Circle" where an Eagle's majestically gliding over the forest. Looks to me that it's doing no more than fourty miles an hour! > > the faster and smaller the model, the more "squirrelly" it is, and > > conversely, the larger and slower the model is, the easier it is to > > control) > > No but Ive flown real airplanes and the same principle applies. It has to > do with the mass and wing area. Yes, but mainly power and attitude. For example, 95 percent of an airplane's wing generates lift through angle of attack, not the shape of the airfoil so much. This is why airplanes with a symmetrical airfoil (as much curve on the bottom asurface as on the top) can fly too. My Piper Cherokee has a nearly symmetrical wing and has very near the same flight characteristics, as far as flying weight relative to power, as the Cessna 172 which has a more flat bottom wing. An f-16 has razor thin wings with almost no airfoil (relatively when you examine the thickness relative to the chord). It acheives lift using lots of raw power and correct angle of attack to the airflow. > Anyone else on this list flown model planes? > No, but some day I'd like to try it. Hey! It's a blast man! :) > > Also, anything at all that moves through the atmosphere can be angled in > > such a way as to provide some lift, provided it's moving fast enough and > > it's attitude can be controlled. You could literally make a brick have > > enough lift if it had the right amount of nose-up attitude and enough > > power to provide enough speed to overcome drag. That's actually true! > > Yes, but its not technically generating enough lift to support itself, its > just vectoring the thrust in such a way that it flies and the body of the > vehicle is "skipping or surfing". Yes, that's exactly my point. That's actually what flying really is! > A true airfoil pushes the air up above > the wing and creates a low pressure area above the wing generating lift. A > "lifting body" shape is another matter completely. Not really. As explained above, all flight is achieved mainly through the object's angle of attack relative to the airflow. That, coupled with power and a means to keep the angle of attack and direction under control. > > Unless they discovered a type of chemical fuel that doesn't take up much > > room! (There's that ol' suspension of disbelief again!) :):):) > > Yeah, but this only can so far. Even if its extremely powerful, it > wouldn't last forever. Another thing to keep in mind, the more powerful > the fuel, the more hazardous it is to carry. Not necessarily. Water, which is difficult to burn, is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. Separate the two, put'em together again with a spark and you've got a helluva bang! Gasoline won't burn worth a damn in a vacuum. As long as you store your fuel with no oxygen present it's not dangerous at all. Maybe the Alphans developed a fuel that, as I said before, is just a hell of a lot more efficient than anything we currently know of. > > By the way, consider the real Eagle lunar module. It doesn't look like > > it has much room for fuel either, but it had enough to decelerate, land, > > and take off again and acheive escape velocity from the moon! Yes, I > > know, no atmospheric drag and lower gravity, but still! > > I think the Lunar Lander is irrelevant. No one is questioning the eagles > abilities in that sort of enviroment. Did you ever see the movie of the LL > leaving the moon? The gravity is so weak, that one good puff at lift off, > and that thing is gone! Up, up and away. Yes, I know. I acknowledged that, but they were also using inefficient fuels compared to the fuel that powers the Eagles. Our Eagles use fuel that, for example if powering the old L.E.M. would only need maybe a spoonful rather than gallons of it. This fuel is made of hypernucleonic radium carbides suspended in an acrylated amount of hypertext tyrillium nonexistance that makes a clystronic orgasmic emission capable of millions of blorks of thrust with no aliphatic heat residue. Remember we're dealing with FICTION here! :) > Its a TV show, and I know a little suspension of disbelief is needed, but > the whole question was why people carp about the aerodynamics. Yeah, but aerodynamics are irrelevant. The Eagles looked cool even though they were models hung on wires or mounted on stands, made of plastic, brass and wood and flew just fine on screen, thanks to a technique which can make anything fly better than any aeronautical engineer can, and that's special effects! :) ...And THATS fun too! L8er!
Date: Mon, 18 May 1998 11:29:47 -0400 From: Dave Walsh (voidspider@mind87spring.com) Subject: Re: Space1999: Eagle aerodynamics and such I think it's about time I stepped in and offered some advice based on experience. I did have the Centuri Space:1999 Eagle rocket, and launched it only once. The stabilizing fin module on the aft end had 4 fins, each one almost the same length as the Eagle itself, which was about the only stability it had, and the Eagle itself was nothing more than a hollow plastic nose cone. After launch, it went about 300 feet in about 2 seconds, doing just over 100 mph, if my calculations are correct, and since the parachute ejection charge malfunctioned, it took the Alan Carter landing approach! Anyhow, I saw a hell of a lot of oscillation from the beast when it took off, and the fin module started shredding itself by the time it stopped ascending. This led me to believe that the real Eagle would have some serious difficulties flying in an atmosphere. And there are other considerations to remember when comparing this model to an actual Eagle, mostly size, structural integrity and air density. Due to the rocket's small size, it cuts a much smaller path through the air than a full-size craft, plus the oscilations I saw in the model would have shaken a human pilot into jelly! And as for the model itself, remember that it's just hollow plastic, without the relative scale mass of an actual Eagle, thus making it more structurally sound than an actual eagle, whereas a real one would rip itself to pieces at speeds needed to keep it airborne.
From: djlerda@juno.com Subject: Re: Space1999: Evolution and Arkadia Date: Mon, 18 May 1998 19:08:07 EDT >Y'know what though? (something to think about) Estes made a model rocket >of the Eagle that actually "flew"! (I'd like to find one actually!) It >worked the I'm not trying to be a nit picker here but the Eagle model rocket was made by Centuri, who are now out of business. The Eagle was a hollow plastic model which slid into the tube of the rocket and acted as a nosecone. The engine would eject the Eagle off and it would float to the ground on its own parachute, separate from the tube. I used to have one but, alas, it went the way of so much 1999 memorabilia. Anyone out there have one? David J Lerda, djlerda@juno.com "Just because we haven't experienced something doesn't mean it doesn't exist" - John Koenig
Date: Mon, 18 May 1998 21:11:00 -0500 From: Jim Small (Eagle1@mb-sympatico.ca) Organization: Alpha Spacecraft Maintenance Subject: Re: Space1999: Evolution and Arkadia djlerda@juno.com wrote: > I'm not trying to be a nit picker here but the Eagle model rocket was > made by Centuri, who are now out of business. The Eagle was a hollow > plastic model which slid into the tube of the rocket and acted as a > nosecone. The engine would eject the Eagle off and it would float to the > ground on its own parachute, separate from the tube. I used to have one > but, alas, it went the way of so much 1999 memorabilia. Anyone out there > have one? Here's the thing that really ticks me off. I had a chance to buy one (I just assumed it was an Estes because they seemed to produce everything else! I apologize for my error!) in about 1990 or '91 from a small store in Oshawa Ontario that had an original hanging on the wall! I'm kicking myself now that I didn't buy it!!!! AAAAARRRRGGGGHHHH!!!! I do remember that the rocket was seemingly a duplicate of the airfix kit, but much simplified. I think the Eagle was blow molded with a one piece fuselage and you glued the four shoulder pods on, but I could be wrong. I never had one, I just remember seeing the package. I remember noting that the spine had the same horrible proportions (too damned wide) as the Airfix kit. Oh well. Opportunities lost.... yet again..... story of my life.....
From: Pertti.Ruismaki@datex-oh44meda.com Date: Mon, 18 May 1998 09:07:34 +0300 Subject: Eagle physics again Returning from lurk mode back to my favourite subject: >but it helps prove that with enough POWER, anything can >be made to fly, despite aerodynamics! Can you give any reason why would any spacecraft engineer design the Eagle so non-aerodynamic and powerconsuming in athmospheric flight, while it could be made aerodynamic without compromising its usability in space. >Also, anything at all that moves through the atmosphere can be angled in >such a way as to provide some lift, provided it's moving fast enough and >it's attitude can be controlled. That is true. But there is so much energy and propellant wasted when applying some aerodynamics could make things a lot easier. >Unless they discovered a type of chemical fuel that doesn't take up much >room! One thing that is constantly being overlooked in this discussion about Eagle physics is the difference between propellant and fuel. In present day rocket engines they are the same, but for instance in nuclear rockets they are not. Fuel is the stuff that contains the energy and propellant is the stuff that is pushed backwards to make the thing move. No matter how efficient engines we have, we still need some propellant and it is relatively easy to calculate the amount of propellant needed in spaceflight. It is about linear momentum and that is mass times velocity. If we want to make an Eagle weighing 100 tonnes to go 10 km/s with 1 ton of propellant, the formula to calculate the exhaust velocity of propellant is as follows: 100000kg * 10 km/s = 1000kg * X km/s The needed exhaust velocity is 1000 km/s. I can still imagine an engine that could give it that kind of speed, but somebody who knows more about physics could probably say that this is impossible. Besides, this is an easy case of flying in space without athmosphere or gravity wells. One can only imagine the amount of propellant needed in athmosphere with aerodynamic qualities slightly worse than those of a brick. The propellant could be fitted in a small space but then it would have to be some heavy metal or weird stuff. Anyway, it would have to have enough mass. > I believe there is a way for the eagle to leave the atmosphere using its > current equipment and still not exceed the aerodynamic and fuel > limitations. There may be a way, but so much energy and propellant would be wasted to gain nothing, except a cooler looks for the craft. The Eagle is clearly designed by a film industry artist with different set of criteria than a space engineer would have had. -Pertti
Date: Tue, 19 May 1998 18:10:56 From: David Welle (dwelle@online4.4dct.com) Subject: Space1999: Making an Eagle More Aerodynamic? The discussion of the aerodynamics (or lack thereof) of the Eagle reminded me of a book cover I had scanned and webbed a year or so ago. The artist basically took an Eagle and added what amounted to wings and a tail. http://www.gbonline.com/~dwelle/s19/deriv.html [Editor's Update: no longer exists at this link, click here instead.] ----David